We start the race with mind and heart aligned, To seek the truth that’s ever hard to find. The path is clear, the way seems oh so straight, Yet round and round we go—oh, twist of fate!
We run through hills of thought and streams of dreams, The finish line, not quite as near, it seems. With every step, we feel the final call, But then we find there is no end at all.
The race we thought would bring us to the goal, Is just the turning of the cosmic whole. For when we think we’ve reached the end of time, We simply find there is no finish line.
The Self we seek is where we’ve always been, The heart, the start, and finish all within. In non-duality, the truth does shine— There’s no finish line at the finish line.
In the realm of spiritual exploration, metaphors often hold the key to deeper understanding. One such metaphor is the idea that “you can’t look at your own eyes without a mirror.” This simple yet profound statement serves as a powerful analogy for the process of self-awareness and the journey to realizing the true Self.
The Eyes as a Metaphor for Awareness
Our eyes are the instruments through which we perceive the world. They allow us to see and interact with the physical reality around us. But despite their essential role in vision, our eyes cannot see themselves directly. To view our own eyes, we need a mirror—an external reflection that allows us to see what is otherwise hidden from direct perception.
In the same way, our awareness—our true Self—is the instrument through which we perceive all experiences. It is the ever-present subject that observes thoughts, emotions, sensations, and the world at large. Yet, just like our eyes, this awareness cannot directly observe itself. It remains elusive, hidden in plain sight, the observer that can never be observed.
Through the Mirror of Practice: Awareness Observing Its Own Emanations
In the journey of self-inquiry and meditation, we create a space where awareness has the opportunity to observe its own emanations—not as separate reflections, but as fluctuations that arise from and return to our true nature. Just as ripples on the surface of a pond reveal the water beneath, these fluctuations are manifestations of the pure awareness that underlies all experience.
When we sit in meditation or engage in self-inquiry, we often notice thoughts, emotions, and sensations arising and passing away. These mental activities can be understood as emanations from the true Self. They are not separate from awareness but are expressions of it, unfolding within the field of consciousness. Each thought or sensation is like a wave that temporarily takes form before dissolving back into the ocean of awareness.
The Process of Observing Emanations
As we practice, we begin to notice that these fluctuations are not distinct from the awareness in which they arise. Initially, our focus might be on the content of these emanations—the thoughts, feelings, and experiences that surface during meditation. But over time, the focus can shift to the awareness that generates and observes these emanations. We start to recognize that this awareness is always present, the source from which all experiences emerge and to which they return.
This shift is crucial because it moves us from identifying with the objects of awareness (the emanations) to identifying with the source itself (the awareness). Through this process, we begin to see that we are not the transient thoughts or sensations, but the unchanging awareness that produces and witnesses them. This awareness is the true Self—the essence that remains constant through all fluctuations.
Beyond Emanations: Resting in Pure Awareness
The fluctuations we observe in meditation and self-inquiry are not merely reflections; they are emanations arising from our true nature. While observing these emanations can guide us toward self-understanding, the ultimate realization comes when we recognize that they are not separate from the awareness that witnesses them.
As our practice deepens, we come to a point where we no longer need to focus on these emanations. Instead, we can rest in the awareness itself, knowing that all fluctuations arise from and dissolve back into this unchanging reality. In this state, we no longer seek understanding through the transient activities of the mind but directly experience the pure, unconditioned awareness that is our true essence.
Resting in pure awareness is a state of being where the mind’s fluctuations no longer dominate our experience. These emanations may still arise, but they no longer distract us from the deeper truth of our existence. We begin to live more fully from the perspective of the silent witness, the true Self, which remains untouched by the comings and goings of mental phenomena.
The Role of Reflection in Self-Awareness
If awareness cannot directly see itself, how then do we come to know our true nature? Just as we use a mirror to see our eyes, we use the practice of reflection to gain insight into the nature of awareness. This reflection doesn’t involve a physical mirror, but rather the mirror of self-inquiry, meditation, and contemplation.
Through these practices, we create a space in which awareness can observe the fluctuations of itself in the mind’s activities. By asking questions like “Who am I?” or “What am I?” we direct our attention inward, towards the source of our awareness. In the process, we begin to see the emanations of our true nature, just as we see the reflection of our eyes in a mirror.
However, it’s crucial to understand that these emanations are not the awareness itself—they are simply the forms that awareness takes as it interacts with the mind. By observing these emanations, we begin to notice that there is something constant behind them: the awareness that remains unchanged even as thoughts and sensations come and go.
The Journey to Self-Realization
Understanding that you cannot look at your own eyes without a mirror can lead to a deeper appreciation of the journey towards self-realization. This journey is not about finding the true Self as an object, but about recognizing that the true Self is the one who is always observing. The practices of meditation, self-inquiry, and contemplation are the mirrors that help us catch glimpses of our true nature.
But these practices are also stepping stones, guiding us to a place where we can finally let go of the need for emanations. In the silence of pure awareness, beyond thoughts and concepts, we come to rest in the realization that we are not the emanations in the mirror, but the awareness that makes all emanation possible.
Conclusion: The Unseen Seer
The metaphor of not being able to look at your own eyes without a mirror serves as a powerful reminder of the nature of awareness. It invites us to explore the process of self-reflection, not in search of an objectified self, but to recognize the ever-present subject—the true Self—that cannot be observed directly.
In the end, the journey of self-awareness is about shifting our focus from the emanations in the mirror to the awareness that perceives them. It is about realizing that the true Self, like the eyes that see the world, is the unseen seer, the silent witness of all experience. And in this realization, we find the essence of who we truly are.
In stillness we rest, Not the mirror’s fleeting form, But the source of light.
In the practice of self-inquiry, particularly when meditating on questions like “Who am I?” or “What am I?”, a profound paradox often arises. The goal is not to discover another object—another thought, concept, or identity—but to realize the ever-present subject, the pure awareness that is always observing but is itself never observed. This exploration can lead to confusion as the mind, accustomed to dealing with objects, struggles to grasp something that cannot be grasped.
The Subject and the Object
In our daily lives, we interact with the world primarily through objects. These objects include not just physical things, but also thoughts, emotions, and even our sense of self. When we engage in self-inquiry, asking “Who am I?” or “What am I?”, the mind instinctively begins to search for an answer within the realm of objects. It looks for another label, another identity that it can understand and define. But the subject—the true Self—eludes this search because it is not an object that can be categorized or comprehended by the mind.
The Ever-Present Subject
The subject is the awareness that perceives all objects. It is the constant, unchanging presence that observes everything else that changes. This subject is not a “who” or a “what” because it does not belong to the realm of objects. It is the essence of our being, the ground of all experience, yet it cannot be objectified, labeled, or defined.
The Confusion of Objectifying the Subject
As we delve deeper into self-inquiry, confusion often arises. The mind, which is designed to understand and manipulate objects, finds itself at a loss when it tries to apply the same approach to the subject. It’s like trying to see your own eyes without a mirror—the subject cannot see itself because it is the one doing the seeing. This confusion is not a failure but an indication that the mind is approaching its own limits.
This paradox is a critical aspect of self-inquiry. It signals the point at which the mind must cease its usual operations and simply rest in awareness. The subject, or true Self, is not to be found as an object out there, but recognized as the very awareness in which the search is taking place.
Embracing the Paradox
To move beyond this confusion, it’s essential to let go of the need for an intellectual answer. The question “Who am I?” or “What am I?” is not meant to yield a concept or a new identity. Instead, it serves to turn the mind back on itself, leading to the realization that you are neither a “who” nor a “what,” but the pure awareness that is aware of all things.
The confusion that arises is a natural and necessary part of this process. It is the mind’s way of signaling that it cannot turn the subject into an object, and this realization opens the door to a deeper understanding. By allowing this confusion to be, without trying to resolve it into a tidy intellectual answer, you can begin to rest in the pure presence of awareness itself.
Alternative Mantras for Self-Inquiry
If the traditional self-inquiry questions “Who am I?” or “What am I?” lead to a sense of dead end or confusion, you might find it helpful to use a different approach. Here are some alternative mantras or inquiries that can help guide you toward the reality of the subject—the pure awareness that is your true nature:
“I am That” (Soham or Tat Tvam Asi): This mantra emphasizes the non-dual realization that your true Self is one with the ultimate reality, Brahman. It helps dissolve the identification with the mind and body, guiding you toward unity with infinite consciousness.
“I am” (Aham): Focusing on the phrase “I am” without any descriptors can tune you into the presence of pure awareness, the basic sense of existence before it becomes entangled with thoughts and identities.
“Be Still and Know”: Inspired by the biblical phrase, this mantra encourages you to settle into stillness and recognize the presence of awareness, leading to a deeper understanding of your true nature.
“Pure Awareness” or “Consciousness Only”: These mantras directly affirm the nature of the subject as pure awareness, allowing you to focus on the awareness in which all experiences arise and dissolve.
“Not this, not that” (Neti Neti): The practice of Neti Neti involves negating all that is not the Self, guiding your awareness back to the subject—the pure, unchanging consciousness.
“I Am Presence”: This mantra emphasizes the feeling of existence without attaching it to any identity or role, helping you anchor in the experience of pure being.
“Silent Witness”: Focusing on “Silent Witness” helps shift your attention to the observing presence within you, reminding you that you are the silent witness to all that occurs.
“Who is aware?”: If “Who am I?” feels too abstract, “Who is aware?” can be a more direct pointer, helping you realize that the awareness observing everything is not an object but the subject itself.
Each of these mantras offers a different pathway to recognizing the ever-present subject, the awareness that is your true Self. By choosing one that resonates with you and practicing it consistently, you can deepen your understanding and experience of pure awareness.
Conclusion: Resting in Awareness
Meditating on “Who am I?” or “What am I?” is not about finding an object or a new identity but about recognizing the ever-present subject—the pure awareness that is your true nature. This subject is beyond all concepts of “who” or “what,” and any confusion that arises is a natural part of the mind’s journey towards self-realization.
By embracing this paradox and resting in the awareness that is always present, you move closer to the realization of your true nature—beyond all objects, beyond all concepts, as the pure, unchanging awareness that you truly are.
In the teachings of Advaita Vedanta, one of the most profound insights is the distinction between the transient states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, and deep sleep—and the eternal, unchanging Self. Pravrajika Devyanandaprana eloquently explores this concept in her teachings on self-inquiry, offering a deep understanding of the nature of awareness and the true Self.
The Three States of Experience
Waking State (Jagrat)
Description: The waking state is the most familiar to us, where we engage with the external world through our senses. In this state, we are aware of our body, thoughts, emotions, and the physical environment around us. The waking state is characterized by our active involvement in the world and a strong identification with our physical body and mind.
Relation to the Self: In the waking state, we often equate our identity with the body and mind. However, through the practice of self-inquiry, we begin to see that our true nature, the Self, is the unchanging awareness that witnesses all these experiences. We are not merely the body or the mind but the awareness that perceives them.
Dream State (Svapna)
Description: The dream state occurs when the mind creates experiences independent of the external world, typically during sleep. In this state, we encounter a world created entirely by our mind, where we might identify with a dream body, experience emotions, and encounter various scenarios.
Relation to the Self: The dream state shows us how transient and subjective our experiences can be. Just as a dream is a creation of the mind, our waking experiences are also shaped by our perceptions and thoughts. The Self, however, remains constant, witnessing both the waking and dream states without being affected by them.
Deep Sleep State (Sushupti)
Description: The deep sleep state is characterized by the absence of mental activity and sensory experience. In this state, the mind is not active, and there are no thoughts, perceptions, or objects of awareness. It is often described as a state of profound rest and rejuvenation.
Relation to the Self: Swamiji offers a profound insight by describing deep sleep as the “experience of absence, not the absence of experience.” In this state, there is an absence of objects—no pratyayas or mental events—but the Self, pure awareness, still persists. While the deep sleep state is free from the fluctuations of the mind and closely resembles the pristine mind or Brahman, it is not fully equated with the realization of these states because there is no conscious awareness of the Self’s true nature.
Additional Clarification:
While the deep sleep state is characterized by the absence of mental activity and sensory experience, it is still considered a state of the mind. In this state, the mind is in a dormant, unmanifest condition—free from fluctuations, yet not entirely absent. It is a state where the mind rests in potentiality, closely resembling the pure awareness of Atman. However, full realization of Atman requires conscious awareness, which is not present in deep sleep. Thus, while deep sleep offers a glimpse into the nature of Atman, it is not equivalent to Atman itself.
The Invariable Self: The Eternal Witness
Swamiji emphasizes that the true Self, or Atman, is the one invariable presence that persists through all three states of consciousness. The waking, dreaming, and deep sleep states are transient; they come and go, but the Self remains constant. This Self is the pure awareness that witnesses all experiences without being affected by them.
Mind as the Variable: The waking and dream states are considered states of the mind because they are conditioned by mental activities, sensory inputs, and subconscious processes. In the deep sleep state, however, the mind is dormant and free from fluctuations, closely resembling the pure awareness of Atman, yet it is still considered a state of the mind.
The Self as the Invariable: Despite the changes in the mind’s states during waking and dreaming, and its quiescence in deep sleep, the Self remains unchanged. This unchanging awareness is the true essence of who we are—beyond the body, mind, and sensory experiences. It is the stable, undisturbed witness that remains present, regardless of the mind’s fluctuations.
Deep Sleep, Pristine Mind, and Brahman
The deep sleep state, where there is an absence of objects and mental events, can be seen as a state of pure potentiality. It is closer to the pristine mind or Brahman because it is free from the distractions and fluctuations of the mind. However, it is not the full realization of these states because, in deep sleep, there is still an absence of conscious awareness of one’s true nature as the Self.
Pristine Mind: In some traditions, “pristine mind” refers to a state of pure, unconditioned awareness that is naturally calm, clear, and open. The deep sleep state, free from mental activity, resembles this pristine state but lacks the conscious recognition of it.
Brahman: Brahman is the ultimate reality in Advaita Vedanta, the infinite, unchanging truth that underlies all existence. The deep sleep state, with its absence of dualistic experiences, is closer to Brahman, but full realization requires the conscious awareness of the Self as Brahman, which is absent in deep sleep.
The Metaphor of the Sky
A helpful metaphor to understand this teaching is to think of the Self as the sky and the three states as passing clouds. The clouds—whether stormy or peaceful—come and go, but the sky remains untouched, vast, and unchanging. Similarly, the Self remains pure and constant, while the mind’s states pass through.
Transcending the Three States: The Practice of Self-Inquiry
Through self-inquiry, we can transcend identification with the transient states of the mind and recognize our true nature as the unchanging Self. By consistently asking, “Who am I?” or “What am I?” we disentangle our identity from the fleeting experiences of the mind and connect more deeply with the Self.
Mindfulness and Awareness: In daily life, cultivating mindfulness helps us stay connected to this invariable Self. By being aware of the transient nature of thoughts, emotions, and experiences, we can maintain a sense of detachment and recognize that the true “I” is always present, beyond these changing states.
Continual Inquiry: Practicing self-inquiry, especially during transitions between waking, dreaming, and sleep, deepens our realization that we are not the changing mind but the awareness that witnesses all changes.
Swamiji’s teachings remind us that while the mind and its states are transient, the Self is eternal. By recognizing and connecting with this unchanging awareness, we can find stability and peace, transcending the fluctuations of the mind and realizing our true nature.
Reflective Questions:
How do you perceive each of the three states of experience in your own life?
In what ways can you recognize the invariable Self amidst the changing states of mind?
How has the practice of self-inquiry influenced your understanding of your true Self?
Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments. Your reflections can help create a richer community of practice and understanding.
Below is the original source video of the lecture with Swami Parvajika Devyanandaprana, from which these blog posts were inspired. Here you can explore the insightful teachings that have profoundly shaped the content and perspectives shared in this blog.
The practice of self-inquiry, a central tenet of Advaita Vedanta, guides us on a profound journey to uncover the true nature of the Self, or Atman. This process involves penetrating through the five sheaths, or koshas, that veil our true essence. Pravrajika Devyanandaprana, in her presentation on self-inquiry, emphasizes this technique as a method to transcend our physical, mental, and emotional identities. This blog explores these five sheaths and their relation to the practice of self-inquiry.
The Five Sheaths:
1 Annamaya Kosha (The Physical Sheath):
Description: The outermost layer, Annamaya Kosha, represents the physical body, sustained by food and material elements. It includes the skin, muscles, bones, and all other physical aspects.
Role in Self-Inquiry: Self-inquiry begins by recognizing that we are not merely our physical body, even though it is often our most immediate identity. By asking “Who am I?” we start to discern that our true Self is beyond the physical form.
2 Pranamaya Kosha (The Vital Energy Sheath):
Description: This sheath involves the life force, or prana, which energizes the body and governs physiological functions such as breathing, circulation, and digestion.
Role in Self-Inquiry: As we inquire “Who am I?” we move beyond the identification with our breath and vital energy. This step brings us closer to understanding our deeper nature, recognizing that the life force is a layer we can transcend.
3 Manomaya Kosha (The Mental Sheath):
Description: The Manomaya Kosha is the layer of the mind, encompassing thoughts, emotions, and perceptions. It governs our daily mental activities and reactions to the world.
Role in Self-Inquiry: Through self-inquiry, we learn to see that we are not our thoughts or emotions. By persistently questioning “Who am I?” we begin to detach from the mental constructs and realize a deeper aspect of our being.
4 Vijnanamaya Kosha (The Wisdom Sheath):
Description: This sheath encompasses intellect, discernment, and higher cognitive functions. It is responsible for understanding, judgment, and wisdom.
Role in Self-Inquiry: Even our intellect and reasoning are not the ultimate Self. Self-inquiry encourages us to look beyond these cognitive functions by consistently questioning and observing that our true Self lies beyond intellectual understanding.
5 Anandamaya Kosha (The Bliss Sheath):
Description: The innermost sheath, Anandamaya Kosha, is associated with deep contentment and joy, often experienced in deep meditation or sleep.
Role in Self-Inquiry: While this sheath is closer to the Atman, even bliss is a layer to be transcended. Self-inquiry helps us understand that the true Self is beyond even this profound state of joy, resting in pure awareness.
Cultivating Self-Inquiry:
Practical Application: To cultivate self-inquiry, start by incorporating the mantra “Who am I?” or “What am I?” into your daily meditation. Use this question to explore and transcend each sheath, moving closer to the realization of your true Self.
Integration with Meditation: Integrate self-inquiry with other meditation practices like breath awareness or mindfulness. Allow the question to redirect your attention back to the felt sense of awareness, helping you penetrate each layer.
Conclusion:
The practice of self-inquiry is a powerful tool for uncovering the true nature of the Self by systematically penetrating through the five sheaths. As we transcend our physical, mental, and emotional identities, we move closer to realizing the Atman, our true essence. Self-inquiry is a lifelong practice that deepens our understanding of who we truly are. Future blog posts related to self-inquiry will be posted in this category, providing continued insights and guidance for those interested in this profound spiritual journey.
Reflective Questions:
How do you perceive each of the five sheaths in your own experience?
What challenges do you face in identifying with or transcending these sheaths?
How has the practice of self-inquiry influenced your understanding of your true Self?
Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments. Your reflections can help create a richer community of practice and understanding.
Below is the original source video of the lecture with Swami Parvajika Devyanandaprana, from which these blog posts were inspired. Here you can explore the insightful teachings that have profoundly shaped the content and perspectives shared in this blog.
Pure Awareness (Atman): The true essence of the self, often referred to as Atman in Advaita Vedanta. It is the unchanging witness of all experiences, untouched by the fluctuations of the mind. In nondual teachings, pure awareness is recognized as the core of our being, the aspect of ourselves that is ever-present and eternal.
Pure Consciousness (Brahman): The ultimate, infinite reality that underlies everything, often referred to as Brahman in Advaita Vedanta. Pure consciousness is the vast, all-encompassing reality that transcends all dualities. Pure consciousness is the source and essence of all that exists. Realizing this truth is the goal of many spiritual paths, leading to liberation and peace.
Ego: The aspect of the self that provides a sense of individuality and self-preservation, shaping our identities and interactions with the world. While the ego is a necessary part of human experience, overly identifying with it can limit our awareness and lead to suffering. The balance of the ego with pure awareness (Atman) leads to a more peaceful and fulfilled life.
Mind: The collection of thoughts, emotions, perceptions, and memories that constitute our mental experience. The mind is active and constantly changing. In spiritual teachings, the mind is often seen as external to pure awareness. It is the activity that arises within consciousness but does not define the true self.
Nonduality: A spiritual perspective that emphasizes the oneness of all existence, transcending the dualistic view of separation between self and other, mind and body, or individual and universal. Nonduality teaches that pure awareness (Atman) and pure consciousness (Brahman) are not separate but one and the same, leading to the realization of the interconnectedness of all things.
Lila (The Play of Life): A concept in Hindu philosophy that describes life as a divine play or sport, where all experiences, including challenges and suffering, are seen as part of the cosmic dance. Recognizing life as Lila helps to cultivate acceptance and reduces resistance to life’s challenges, leading to a more graceful navigation through difficulties.
Maya (Illusion): The illusion or appearance of the material world, which veils the true nature of reality. Maya creates the perception of separation and individuality. In Advaita Vedanta, overcoming the illusion of Maya is essential to realizing the oneness of Atman and Brahman, and seeing the world as it truly is.
Heart Sutra: A key text in Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes the emptiness of all phenomena and the transcendent nature of reality. The Heart Sutra teaches that by going “beyond, beyond, beyond,” one transcends all dualistic notions and realizes the ultimate truth.
Individuation: A concept from Carl Jung’s psychology, referring to the process of integrating the various parts of the self into a harmonious whole. Individuation resonates with the idea of balancing the ego with pure awareness, leading to a more complete and authentic experience of self.
Unconscious: The vast, all-encompassing reservoir of the mind that includes all mental processes, memories, instincts, and potentialities that lie outside of our conscious awareness. The unconscious contains both positive and negative aspects, known and unknown, including latent talents, creativity, and profound wisdom.
Shadow: A specific part of the unconscious, primarily consisting of the aspects of ourselves that we have repressed or rejected—traits, emotions, and impulses that we find uncomfortable or unacceptable. The shadow can also include disowned positive qualities. It represents the darker, hidden aspects of the unconscious but is not limited to negative content.
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