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  • Post 4: Understanding the Five Types of Mental Fluctuations: Patanjali’s Sutras 1.5 and 1.6

    In our previous post, we reflected on the profound distinction between the Seer and the fluctuations of the mind, as described in Sutras 1.3 and 1.4. Patanjali taught us that when the mind is still, the Seer abides in its true nature. When the mind is not still, we identify with the fluctuations, creating a misperception of reality. This realization is crucial for the practice of yoga, as it reminds us to consistently return to the awareness of our true self, separate from the mind’s movements.

    Now, in Sutras 1.5 and 1.6, Patanjali takes us deeper into the nature of the mind’s fluctuations, or vrittis. He categorizes the mental modifications into five distinct types and explains how they can either lead us toward suffering or liberation.

    1.5: The fluctuations of the mind are fivefold and can either cause suffering or liberation from suffering.
    1.6: The five types of fluctuations are right knowledge, wrong knowledge, imagination, sleep, and memory.

    These fluctuations, or mental events, are the patterns through which our minds interpret and engage with the world. Understanding their nature is essential in recognizing when we are identifying with them and mistaking them for our true self.

    The Five Types of Mental Fluctuations

    Patanjali teaches that the mind moves through five distinct types of fluctuations, each influencing how we experience and interact with the world. These fluctuations, or vrittis, can either lead us toward suffering or provide an opportunity for liberation, depending on how we engage with them.

    The first fluctuation is right knowledge (pramana), which refers to the times when we perceive things correctly, when our understanding aligns with reality. This might come from direct experience, logical reasoning, or the wisdom of others. Even though this is a reliable form of knowledge, it is still a fluctuation of the mind, an activity that pulls us into engagement with the external world.

    The second fluctuation is wrong knowledge (viparyaya), which arises when our perception of reality is distorted. We’ve all experienced moments where we are certain about something, only to find out later that we were mistaken. These misperceptions can be deeply ingrained and cause confusion or suffering because they shape how we respond to life.

    Imagination (vikalpa) is the third type of fluctuation. The mind has the ability to create scenarios, images, and concepts that aren’t based in reality. While imagination can be a source of creativity and inspiration, it can also lead us into fantasy, pulling us away from the present moment and the truth of what is.

    The fourth fluctuation is sleep (nidra), which may seem surprising to include here, but Patanjali recognizes that sleep is a state where the mind is still active in its own way, even though it’s not consciously interacting with the outside world. While sleep is essential for rest, it too is considered a fluctuation, a temporary state of mind.

    Finally, there is memory (smriti), the recollection of past experiences. Memory can serve us by helping us learn from the past, but it can also trap us, making it hard to let go of attachments or conditioning. In many ways, memory is a powerful force that shapes our present by constantly linking us back to what has already happened.

    All five of these fluctuations—whether they seem positive or negative—are part of the mind’s natural activity. However, they are not who we truly are. The mind will always fluctuate, but as we learn to observe these movements without becoming distracted by them or without becoming attached to them, we can begin to see beyond the mental activity and rest in the awareness of the Seer, the true self.

    Each of these fluctuations arises from the mind’s natural tendency to engage with the world and interpret it. However, Patanjali’s teaching is that even right knowledge is ultimately a fluctuation of the mind.

    Liberation or Suffering

    The key to understanding the five types of vrittis lies in Patanjali’s insight that they can either lead us toward suffering or to liberation from suffering. The difference lies in how we engage with these fluctuations. When we identify with them—believing that we are our thoughts, perceptions, or memories—suffering arises. However, when we observe them as passing movements of the mind, without attachment, they lose their power over us.

    This is the practice of yoga: observing the fluctuations of the mind without getting caught in them. Through this practice, we cultivate the ability to reside in the awareness of the Seer, where the fluctuations can be present without causing suffering.

    Bringing It Into Practice

    In our daily practice, we can begin to recognize mental fluctuations as they arise by gently reminding ourselves that these mental events are simply movements of the mind—they are not who we are.

    One helpful approach is the practice of Neti Neti, meaning “not this, not this.” When a mental event arises, we can simply acknowledge it and say, “This is not me,” or “Neti, Neti,” allowing it to pass without becoming identified with it. This simple but powerful practice helps us stay rooted in the awareness of the Seer, the one who witnesses these fluctuations without being disturbed by them.

    However, this process requires discipline. It’s not enough to understand that mental events are temporary; we must cultivate a consistent practice of recognizing and letting go of these fluctuations as they occur. This discipline involves a deepening relationship with the mind, one that teaches us to observe its movements without getting caught up in them. Over time, we train ourselves to remain present and unaffected by the mind’s restlessness, just as we would train a muscle through repeated exercise.

    With each passing moment, we have the opportunity to reinforce this discipline. Whether it’s a moment of imagination, or the recollection of a memory, Neti Neti reminds us that these are merely activities of the mind, not reflections of our true self. In practicing this regularly, we strengthen our ability to remain in the stillness of the Seer, unaffected by the fluctuations of the mind.

    As we reflect on these teachings, we strengthen our ability to remain in the awareness of the Seer, watching the mind’s activity with clarity and detachment. The more we practice, the clearer the distinction between the Seer and the vrittis becomes.

    Coming Up Next:

    In our next post, we will explore Sutras 1.7 and 1.8, where Patanjali delves deeper into the nature of right knowledge and wrong knowledge, showing us how the mind can accurately or inaccurately perceive reality. We will reflect on how to sharpen our perception and recognize when we are misinterpreting the world around us. Join me as we continue this journey toward deeper awareness and understanding of the mind.

    🙏🕊️🙏



  • Post 3: Discovering the True Self: Reflections on Patanjali’s Sutras 1.3 and 1.4

    In the previous post, we explored the importance of discipline and of calming the mind’s fluctuations, or vrittis, as described in Sutra 1.2. This brings us to the next essential question: What happens when the mind becomes still? What is revealed in that stillness, and what occurs when we remain caught in the waves of thought?

    Patanjali’s Sutras 1.3 and 1.4 address these questions directly:

    1.3: Then, the Seer abides in its true nature.
    1.4: At other times, the Seer identifies with the fluctuations of the mind.

    These sutras point to the core of Patanjali’s teachings. When the mind is quiet and still, we experience our true self—often referred to as the Seer, the one who witnesses without attachment. In this state of presence, we are not our thoughts, emotions, or the external world. We simply are—a reflection of pure consciousness, free from the distortions created by mental activity.

    However, as Sutra 1.4 reminds us, when the mind is restless, we tend to identify with its movements. Instead of recognizing ourselves as the calm, observing presence, we become entangled in our thoughts and emotions. This misidentification is the source of much of our suffering, as we lose sight of our true nature and become caught in the illusions of the mind.

    The True Self and Misperception

    Patanjali is pointing to a fundamental distinction: there is the Seer, the pure awareness that we are, and there are the vrittis, or the mental fluctuations that obscure this awareness. When we are identified with the fluctuations, we see through a distorted lens. Our thoughts, emotions, and external circumstances take on an exaggerated sense of reality, and we mistake them for who we are. This is misperception, the root of suffering in yoga philosophy.

    However, when we practice calming the mind and returning to stillness, the vrittis subside, and we begin to experience life from a place of pure awareness. In this state, we are no longer bound by our thoughts or emotions. Instead, we recognize them as temporary movements of the mind, while our true essence remains constant and untouched.

    Applying This Wisdom in Practice

    The challenge, of course, is that the mind rarely stays still for long. Thoughts, emotions, and distractions are always arising, pulling us away from the calm, observing presence. However, the goal of yoga is not to eliminate these mental movements entirely but to shift our relationship to them.

    Through practice, we learn to observe the fluctuations of the mind without identifying with them. This is the essence of Raja Yoga—the royal path of self-mastery. As we cultivate stillness, we gain the strength to remain centered in our true nature, even as the mind continues its movements.

    Each time we sit in meditation or reflect on these teachings, we are training ourselves to return to this place of stillness, to abide in the awareness of the Seer. In doing so, we gradually loosen the grip of misperception and move closer to the realization of our true nature.

    A Reflection on Swami Vivekananda’s Translation

    Swami Vivekananda’s translation of these sutras adds another layer of clarity. His teachings emphasize the importance of self-discipline and mental focus in realizing the true self. Vivekananda reminds us that yoga is not just a path of knowledge but one of direct experience. It is through disciplined practice that we experience the Seer and begin to see through the illusions of the mind.

    Moving Forward: The Practice of Abiding in Stillness

    As we reflect on Sutras 1.3 and 1.4, we can take a practical approach to integrating their wisdom. Begin by setting aside time each day to sit in stillness, observing the movements of the mind without attachment. When thoughts arise, gently remind yourself that you are the Seer, not the fluctuations. Over time, this practice will deepen, and the distinction between the Seer and the vrittis will become clearer.

    But more than just observing, the practice invites us to abide in stillness. The word “abide” carries a richness that implies more than simply being present—it suggests resting deeply, dwelling in a state of ease, and allowing the true nature of the Seer to unfold without resistance. To abide is to sink into the natural state of awareness, where there is no striving, no force—only a quiet, steady presence.

    As Joseph Goldstein has spoken of in his commentary on the Satipatthana Sutra, abiding is not passive but an active engagement with our true nature. It is a continual resting in awareness, a soft yet unwavering commitment to remain as the witness. In this way, the Seer abides in its true nature, not as an abstract concept, but as a living, breathing experience.

    By consistently returning to stillness, we strengthen the muscle of awareness and begin to live more fully from our true nature. The journey is ongoing, but each step brings us closer to the realization of who we truly are.

    Coming Up Next:

    In the next post, we will explore Sutras 1.5 and 1.6, where Patanjali elaborates on the nature of the vrittis. We’ll learn about the five types of mental fluctuations and how they either lead to suffering or liberation. Join me as we continue this journey into the depths of the mind and the path to freedom.

    When thoughts arise, gently remind yourself that you are the Seer, not the fluctuations.

    🙏🕊️🙏



  • Patanjali No. 2: The First Steps of Yoga: Stillness and Strength in Practice

    “Now, the discipline of yoga begins.”
    —Patanjali, Yoga Sutra 1.1

    With this simple declaration, Patanjali invites us into the present moment. “Atha Yoganushasanam” is a call to awaken to the path of yoga, the path of inner discipline and self-realization. It is a call to begin, no matter where we are in our lives. Yoga, in its deepest sense, is the discipline of mind, body, and spirit—and it begins now.

    For many of us, beginning the practice of yoga means stepping into an unfamiliar space. It is more than just physical postures; it is the cultivation of a stillness that transcends the waves of thought, emotion, and distraction. As Patanjali tells us in the second sutra:

    “Yoga is the cessation of the fluctuations of the mind.”
    —Patanjali, Yoga Sutra 1.2

    These fluctuations, or vrittis, are the constant movement of our thoughts and emotions. They pull us away from the present moment and cloud our perception of who we truly are. Yoga, then, is the practice of calming these fluctuations, of finding a stillness that allows us to return to the essence of our being.

    But this stillness does not come easily. It requires strength—not the strength of the body, but the strength of the spirit. To sit in presence, to resist the pull of distractions, is an act of great resilience. The calmness we seek in yoga is not a passive state of relaxation but a superior strength, born from inner mastery.

    The Discipline of Yoga

    At the very beginning, Patanjali emphasizes that yoga is not just a practice but a discipline. This distinction is essential. A practice can be casual or done intermittently, but discipline requires consistent effort, commitment, and focus. The word discipline itself conveys the idea of training, of shaping or controlling something to achieve a higher goal. In the context of yoga, this means training the mind to remain present and unaffected by distractions or fluctuations.

    Discipline in yoga is about developing the ability to observe the mind and body without becoming identified with them. It’s not an easy task—our minds are naturally restless, constantly moving from one thought to the next. This is where discipline comes in. The discipline of yoga requires us to cultivate patience, perseverance, and a dedication to returning to stillness, even when the mind resists.

    Patanjali’s use of the word anushasanam in Sutra 1.1 can be translated as “discipline” or “instruction,” highlighting that yoga is a structured and methodical path. To realize the ultimate goal of yoga—union with the true self—requires a discipline that integrates not only the physical body through postures (asanas) but, more importantly, the mind through meditation, mindfulness, and awareness.

    Why Discipline Matters in Yoga

    Discipline in yoga is the key to taming the fluctuations of the mind. It takes effort and intention to stop identifying with every passing thought or emotion. Through disciplined practice, we create a space between the mind’s activity and the true self, the Seer. This space allows us to witness the mind without being consumed by it. The goal of yoga, as Patanjali explains in Sutra 1.2, is to still the fluctuations of the mind so that we can experience the true self—the state of yoga, or union.Without discipline, the mind will continue to sway between desires, distractions, and doubts. It is through dedicated, disciplined practice that we train the mind to remain calm and present, allowing the deeper realization of yoga to unfold. Discipline doesn’t mean harshness or rigidity; rather, it means consistency and commitment. It is a steady return to the present moment, a steady return to the awareness of the Seer.

    In my own practice, I’ve come to realize that cultivating this calm presence is much like strengthening a muscle. Just as we go to the gym to build physical strength, we sit in practice to build the strength of awareness. Each time we resist the pull of thoughts and emotions, each time we gently return to the present moment, we are training ourselves in the discipline of yoga.

    It is important to approach this process with self-compassion. Too often, we judge ourselves for the mind’s restlessness. But just as we wouldn’t criticize a muscle for being weak before it’s been trained, we shouldn’t criticize the mind for its natural tendencies. Instead, we honor the effort it takes to stay still, to remain present.

    As we begin this journey through the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, we are reminded that yoga is not about perfection, but about practice. The fluctuations of the mind will always be there—it is our relationship to them that changes. Through consistent practice, we build the strength to calm the mind and experience the peace that lies beneath the surface.

    This is the beginning of the path, the first step in our exploration of Patanjali’s teachings. As we move forward, we will reflect on how these sutras can shape our lives and help us cultivate a deeper sense of awareness, peace, and purpose.

    Coming Up Next:
    In our next post, we will explore Sutras 1.3 and 1.4, which build upon this foundation of stillness. These sutras reveal what happens when the mind becomes still and how we experience our true nature. We will also look at what occurs when the mind remains caught in its fluctuations, giving rise to misperception. Join me as we continue this journey, moving deeper into the essence of yoga and self-realization.

    🙏🕊️🙏



  • I Am Atman: Integrating Western Psychology and Eastern Philosophy to Realize the True Self

    In the journey of self-inquiry, we draw upon the rich wisdom of both Western psychology, particularly the work of Carl Jung, and Eastern philosophy, as taught in Advaita Vedanta, Yoga, and the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali. This powerful integration allows us to explore the full depth of our being—both the conscious and unconscious mind—and realize our true nature beyond the fluctuations of the mind, known as vrittis.

    Recognizing the Vrittis:

    • I am not my thoughts: Many thoughts and memories arise and disappear. I am not my thoughts. I am not my memories. Thoughts and memories are vrittis—fluctuations that come and go in the mind. I am the witness. I am the Atman.
    • I am not my emotions or feelings: Emotions and feelings, like thoughts and memories, are transient. They arise, linger for a while, and then fade away. By recognizing “I am not my emotions” and “I am not my feelings,” I affirm that these, too, are fluctuations in the mind. I am the witness. I am the Atman.
    • I am not my desires and aversions: Desires and aversions also fluctuate in the mind. They arise from conditioned patterns and pass away, often leading to attachment or avoidance. By realizing “I am not my desires” and “I am not my aversions,” I acknowledge that these are transient and do not define my true Self. I am the witness. I am the Atman.
    • I am not my name: My name is a label, a fluctuation in the external world that can change. But I remain the same. My name is a fluctuation that comes and goes. I am the witness. I am the Atman.
    • I am not my pain: In the same way, I am not the pain in my body. The pain in my body is a fluctuation that comes and goes. I am the witness. I am the Atman.

    Beyond the Vrittis: A Deeper Realization

    As we continue the practice of self-inquiry, we may come to an even deeper realization: that even the Atman, the witness, and all concepts of self are also vrittis—fluctuations within consciousness. These are still mental constructs that can be transcended.

    What Am I?

    • Inquiry 1: Beyond the concept of Atman lies the question “What am I?” This inquiry invites us to go beyond all labels, beyond even the idea of being the witness, to experience pure awareness itself—awareness that is beyond all mental constructs and fluctuations.
    • Inquiry 2: What is the experience of my true nature? This question shifts the focus from conceptual understanding to direct experience. Instead of seeking an intellectual answer, this inquiry points directly to the felt sense, the immediate experience of being that transcends all concepts and mental constructs.
    • Inquiry 3: Show me a direct experience of my true nature. This variation communicates directly with the unconscious mind, inviting it to reveal the true Self in a way that goes beyond conscious effort. By asking this, you open yourself to a spontaneous and deeper experience of your true nature.

    Integrating Jung and Vedanta:

    This approach unites the wisdom of Carl Jung’s exploration of the unconscious with the deep spiritual insights of Advaita Vedanta and Patanjali’s Yoga Sutras. By communicating directly with the unconscious and practicing self-inquiry, we can integrate the conscious and unconscious aspects of our being, ultimately transcending them to realize our true nature as pure awareness.

    Pure Awareness:

    In the deepest realization, we see that the Atman, the witness, and even consciousness as a concept are not the ultimate reality. The true Self is beyond all dualities, all fluctuations. It is the ground of being, the pure awareness that is self-luminous and self-existent.

    Living the Inquiry:

    Let the questions “What am I?”, “What is the experience of my true nature?”, and “Show me a direct experience of my true nature” guide you beyond all concepts, allowing all mental constructs to dissolve and reveal the pure awareness that is ever-present.

    The Practice of Self-Inquiry: Transcending the Vrittis

    Once we recognize that all these mental events—thoughts, emotions, desires, aversions, and even physical sensations—are vrittis, we can begin to transcend them. The following practice can help deepen this understanding:

    1. Awareness of Vrittis:

    • Begin by sitting quietly in a comfortable position. Close your eyes and take a few deep breaths, centering yourself in the present moment.
    • Bring your attention to your thoughts, emotions, and any sensations in your body. Notice them as they arise, observing them without judgment.

    2. Witnessing the Vrittis:

    • As you observe these mental events, remind yourself that they are vrittis—transient fluctuations of the mind. Say to yourself, “I am not my thoughts. I am not my emotions. I am not my sensations. I am the witness.”
    • Continue to repeat the mantra, “I am the Atman.” Or “I am the witness.” anchoring yourself in the awareness that you are the unchanging witness.

    3. Calming the Vrittis:

    • Focus on your breath as a way to calm the mind. Follow the natural rhythm of your breath, allowing it to soothe the vrittis and bring your mind into a more peaceful state.
    • If you wish, you can also repeat the mantra “Atman” or “Witness” silently with each breath to further quiet the mental fluctuations.

    4. Dis-identification from Vrittis:

    • Continue practicing self-inquiry by asking, “Who am I?”, “What am I?”, or “What is the experience of my true nature?” Each time a thought or emotion arises, gently return to the realization that you are not the vritti; you are the witness, the Atman.
    • Alternatively, you can communicate directly with the unconscious by asking, “Show me a direct experience of my true nature,” and then remain open to whatever arises.

    5. Transcending the Vrittis:

    • As your mind becomes more still, allow yourself to rest in the pure awareness of the Atman. Experience the space of consciousness that is free from the fluctuations of the mind.
    • Over time, with consistent practice, you will find that the vrittis become less dominant, and your connection to the unchanging, open, spacious awareness of the Atman will grow stronger.

    Conclusion

    By regularly practicing self-inquiry and recognizing the transient nature of the vrittis, we deepen our understanding of our true nature as the Atman. This realization helps us navigate life with greater peace, detachment, and equanimity, knowing that we are not defined by the ever-changing landscape of thoughts, emotions, and sensations. We are the witness, the eternal Self, the Atman.

    Yet, even beyond this realization, we are invited to inquire further: “What am I?” and “What is the experience of my true nature?” These questions guide us beyond all concepts and mental constructs, allowing us to rest in the pure awareness that transcends all dualities. For those seeking an even deeper experience, directly communicating with the unconscious by asking, “Show me a direct experience of my true nature,” can open the door to profound realizations.

    Reflective Questions:

    • How do you experience the vrittis in your daily life?
    • In what ways can you remind yourself that you are the witness, not the vrittis?
    • How has the practice of self-inquiry influenced your understanding of your true Self?
    • What arises when you go beyond the concept of Atman, asking “What am I?”, “What is the experience of my true nature?”, or “Show me a direct experience of my true nature?”

    Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments. Your reflections can help create a richer community of practice and understanding.

    🙏🕊️🙏

  • The Eternal Self and the Three States of Experience: Waking, Dreaming, and Deep Sleep

    In the teachings of Advaita Vedanta, one of the most profound insights is the distinction between the transient states of consciousness—waking, dreaming, and deep sleep—and the eternal, unchanging Self. Pravrajika Devyanandaprana eloquently explores this concept in her teachings on self-inquiry, offering a deep understanding of the nature of awareness and the true Self.

    The Three States of Experience

    1. Waking State (Jagrat)
    • Description: The waking state is the most familiar to us, where we engage with the external world through our senses. In this state, we are aware of our body, thoughts, emotions, and the physical environment around us. The waking state is characterized by our active involvement in the world and a strong identification with our physical body and mind.
    • Relation to the Self: In the waking state, we often equate our identity with the body and mind. However, through the practice of self-inquiry, we begin to see that our true nature, the Self, is the unchanging awareness that witnesses all these experiences. We are not merely the body or the mind but the awareness that perceives them.
    1. Dream State (Svapna)
    • Description: The dream state occurs when the mind creates experiences independent of the external world, typically during sleep. In this state, we encounter a world created entirely by our mind, where we might identify with a dream body, experience emotions, and encounter various scenarios.
    • Relation to the Self: The dream state shows us how transient and subjective our experiences can be. Just as a dream is a creation of the mind, our waking experiences are also shaped by our perceptions and thoughts. The Self, however, remains constant, witnessing both the waking and dream states without being affected by them.
    1. Deep Sleep State (Sushupti)
    • Description: The deep sleep state is characterized by the absence of mental activity and sensory experience. In this state, the mind is not active, and there are no thoughts, perceptions, or objects of awareness. It is often described as a state of profound rest and rejuvenation.
    • Relation to the Self: Swamiji offers a profound insight by describing deep sleep as the “experience of absence, not the absence of experience.” In this state, there is an absence of objects—no pratyayas or mental events—but the Self, pure awareness, still persists. While the deep sleep state is free from the fluctuations of the mind and closely resembles the pristine mind or Brahman, it is not fully equated with the realization of these states because there is no conscious awareness of the Self’s true nature.

    Additional Clarification:

    • While the deep sleep state is characterized by the absence of mental activity and sensory experience, it is still considered a state of the mind. In this state, the mind is in a dormant, unmanifest condition—free from fluctuations, yet not entirely absent. It is a state where the mind rests in potentiality, closely resembling the pure awareness of Atman. However, full realization of Atman requires conscious awareness, which is not present in deep sleep. Thus, while deep sleep offers a glimpse into the nature of Atman, it is not equivalent to Atman itself.

    The Invariable Self: The Eternal Witness

    Swamiji emphasizes that the true Self, or Atman, is the one invariable presence that persists through all three states of consciousness. The waking, dreaming, and deep sleep states are transient; they come and go, but the Self remains constant. This Self is the pure awareness that witnesses all experiences without being affected by them.

    • Mind as the Variable: The waking and dream states are considered states of the mind because they are conditioned by mental activities, sensory inputs, and subconscious processes. In the deep sleep state, however, the mind is dormant and free from fluctuations, closely resembling the pure awareness of Atman, yet it is still considered a state of the mind.
    • The Self as the Invariable: Despite the changes in the mind’s states during waking and dreaming, and its quiescence in deep sleep, the Self remains unchanged. This unchanging awareness is the true essence of who we are—beyond the body, mind, and sensory experiences. It is the stable, undisturbed witness that remains present, regardless of the mind’s fluctuations.

    Deep Sleep, Pristine Mind, and Brahman

    The deep sleep state, where there is an absence of objects and mental events, can be seen as a state of pure potentiality. It is closer to the pristine mind or Brahman because it is free from the distractions and fluctuations of the mind. However, it is not the full realization of these states because, in deep sleep, there is still an absence of conscious awareness of one’s true nature as the Self.

    • Pristine Mind: In some traditions, “pristine mind” refers to a state of pure, unconditioned awareness that is naturally calm, clear, and open. The deep sleep state, free from mental activity, resembles this pristine state but lacks the conscious recognition of it.
    • Brahman: Brahman is the ultimate reality in Advaita Vedanta, the infinite, unchanging truth that underlies all existence. The deep sleep state, with its absence of dualistic experiences, is closer to Brahman, but full realization requires the conscious awareness of the Self as Brahman, which is absent in deep sleep.

    The Metaphor of the Sky

    A helpful metaphor to understand this teaching is to think of the Self as the sky and the three states as passing clouds. The clouds—whether stormy or peaceful—come and go, but the sky remains untouched, vast, and unchanging. Similarly, the Self remains pure and constant, while the mind’s states pass through.

    Transcending the Three States: The Practice of Self-Inquiry

    Through self-inquiry, we can transcend identification with the transient states of the mind and recognize our true nature as the unchanging Self. By consistently asking, “Who am I?” or “What am I?” we disentangle our identity from the fleeting experiences of the mind and connect more deeply with the Self.

    • Mindfulness and Awareness: In daily life, cultivating mindfulness helps us stay connected to this invariable Self. By being aware of the transient nature of thoughts, emotions, and experiences, we can maintain a sense of detachment and recognize that the true “I” is always present, beyond these changing states.
    • Continual Inquiry: Practicing self-inquiry, especially during transitions between waking, dreaming, and sleep, deepens our realization that we are not the changing mind but the awareness that witnesses all changes.

    Swamiji’s teachings remind us that while the mind and its states are transient, the Self is eternal. By recognizing and connecting with this unchanging awareness, we can find stability and peace, transcending the fluctuations of the mind and realizing our true nature.

    Reflective Questions:

    • How do you perceive each of the three states of experience in your own life?
    • In what ways can you recognize the invariable Self amidst the changing states of mind?
    • How has the practice of self-inquiry influenced your understanding of your true Self?

    Feel free to share your thoughts and experiences in the comments. Your reflections can help create a richer community of practice and understanding.

    Below is the original source video of the lecture with Swami Parvajika Devyanandaprana, from which these blog posts were inspired. Here you can explore the insightful teachings that have profoundly shaped the content and perspectives shared in this blog.

    🙏🕊️🙏

  • The Yoga of Carl Jung: Integrating the Ego, Atman, and Brahman

    “Be patient toward all that is unsolved in your heart and try to love the questions themselves, like locked rooms and like books that are now written in a very foreign tongue. Do not now seek the answers, which cannot be given you because you would not be able to live them. And the point is, to live everything. Live the questions now. Perhaps you will then gradually, without noticing it, live along some distant day into the answer.”

    ~ Rainer Maria Rilke, “Letters to a Young Poet”

    In exploring the depths of human consciousness, both Carl Jung’s psychological theories and yogic philosophy offer profound insights into the nature of the self. Despite originating from different cultural and intellectual traditions, they converge on a central theme: the integration of various aspects of the self to achieve wholeness and enlightenment. This post delves into the parallels between Jung’s concepts and yogic teachings, focusing on the roles of the ego, Atman, and Brahman.

    The Self According to Carl Jung

    Carl Jung, a pioneering psychologist, introduced the concept of the Self as encompassing both the conscious and unconscious aspects of the psyche. He believed that the process of individuation, or personal development, involves integrating these unconscious elements into conscious awareness. This journey toward self-realization and wholeness allows individuals to uncover deeper truths about themselves and achieve psychological harmony.

    Yogic Philosophy: Ego, Atman, and Brahman

    In yogic philosophy, the self is understood through the interplay of the ego, Atman, and Brahman:

    • Ego: The ego represents the individual, conscious identity, marked by personal desires, fears, and thoughts. It is the part of the self that interacts with the world and perceives itself as separate from others.
    • Atman: Atman is the true Self, the deeper, unchanging essence of an individual beyond the ego. It is pure consciousness and awareness, representing the core of one’s being.
    • Brahman: Brahman is the ultimate, universal consciousness, encompassing all existence. The realization of Brahman involves understanding that Atman (the individual Self) is not separate from this universal essence.

    Integrating Jungian and Yogic Perspectives

    When we align Jung’s idea of the Self with yogic teachings, a comprehensive picture of self-realization emerges:

    1. Ego and Ordinary Mind: In both frameworks, the ego or ordinary mind is the initial stage of self-awareness. It involves the individual’s interaction with the world, characterized by fluctuating thoughts (vrittis) and personal narratives.
    • The ego experiences separation and individuality.
    1. True Self (Atman) and Stable Vrittis: Moving beyond the ego, the individual begins to experience the true Self or Atman. This state is marked by stable vrittis and similar pratyayas (mental contents), indicating a more unified and coherent state of consciousness. Here, the sense of “I” transitions from the personal ego to the deeper true Self.
    • Stable vrittis and similar pratyayas reflect a unified consciousness.
    1. Universal Self (Brahman) and Pure Awareness: The ultimate realization involves understanding that the true Self (Atman) is one with Brahman, the universal consciousness. In this state, there is no distinction between the individual self and the universal Self. This realization aligns with the experience of pure awareness in yogic contemplation, where the mind transcends individual thoughts and perceptions to rest in its true, unchanging nature.
    • The true Self (Atman) is fundamentally connected to the universal consciousness (Brahman).

    The Connection Between Ego, True Self, and Universal Self

    An important insight from this integration is understanding the relationship between the ego, True Self, and Universal Self:

    • Ego as a Fluctuation of the True Self: The ego, with its individual identity and personal narratives, can be seen as a temporary fluctuation or expression of the deeper True Self (Atman). While the ego experiences separation and individuality, it is ultimately a manifestation of the underlying, unchanging awareness of Atman.
    • True Self as a Fluctuation of the Universal Self: Similarly, the True Self (Atman) can be understood as a particular expression or fluctuation of the Universal Self (Brahman). While Atman retains a sense of individual consciousness, it is fundamentally connected to and inseparable from the universal, all-encompassing consciousness of Brahman.
    • Inherent Connection: This perspective highlights that, whether we are aware of it or not, we are all inherently connected through the Universal Self. Our individual experiences and identities are different expressions of the same underlying reality.

    Recognizing that the ego is a fluctuation of the True Self, and the True Self is a fluctuation of the Universal Self, helps us understand our inherent interconnectedness. This realization fosters a sense of unity and compassion, knowing that at the deepest level, we are all part of the same universal consciousness.

    Practical Exercise: Self-Inquiry and Integration

    To help experientially understand these concepts, here are a few exercises based on self-inquiry, which integrate conscious and unconscious experiences. Each of these steps can be a lifetime practice. Understanding or realization of these ideas and practices may immediately strike an intuitive chord, but direct experience may require further contemplation and meditation. As Rilke suggests, sometimes it’s more important to live the questions than to immediately understand the answers. These steps are also not necessarily linear as presented; each step can unfold organically in its own way and time. Therefore, when studying and practicing these teachings, patience is truly a virtue.

    Step 1: Settle into Meditation

    Find a quiet place and sit comfortably. Close your eyes and take a few deep breaths, allowing your mind to settle.

    Step 2: Begin Self-Inquiry

    • Ask yourself, “Who am I?” or “What is this ‘I’ that I experience?”
    • Allow any mental events, fluctuations, experiences, thoughts, feelings, sensations, memories, or beliefs to arise without judgment. Simply observe them.

    Step 3: Observe the Ego

    • Notice the thoughts and feelings that are tied to your personal identity (ego). These might include your name, roles, likes, dislikes, desires, aversions, hopes, and fears.
    • Recognize these as fluctuating vrittis and pratyayas of the ordinary mind.

    Step 4: Move to the True Self (Atman)

    • Shift your focus to the awareness that is observing these thoughts and feelings. This awareness is stable and unchanging.
    • Ask yourself, “What is the nature of this awareness?” or “Who is aware of these thoughts?”
    • Experience this deeper sense of “I” that is beyond personal identity. This is the Atman, your true Self.

    Step 5: Contemplate the Universal Self (Brahman)

    • Reflect on the idea that this true Self (Atman) is not separate from the universal consciousness (Brahman), in the same way that waves are not separate from the ocean.
    • Meditate on the oneness of all existence, recognizing that your true Self is part of this greater whole.

    Step 6: Integrate the Experience

    • Spend a few moments in silence, allowing the experience to integrate into your awareness.
    • When you’re ready, gently open your eyes and carry this sense of expanded awareness with you into your daily life.

    Conclusion

    The integration of Jungian psychology and yogic philosophy provides a comprehensive framework for understanding the self. By recognizing the roles of the ego, Atman, and Brahman, and integrating these aspects through self-reflection, meditation, and contemplation, individuals can move toward a state of wholeness and enlightenment. This journey not only enhances personal well-being but also fosters a deeper connection with the universal consciousness, embodying the true essence of both psychological and spiritual growth.

    I Live My Life in Widening Circles

    by Rainer Maria Rilke

    I live my life in widening circles
    that reach out across the world.
    I may not complete this last one
    but I give myself to it.

    I circle around God,
    around the primordial tower.
    I’ve been circling for thousands of years
    and I still don’t know: am I a falcon,
    a storm, or a great song?

    🙏🕊️🙏

    Explore the profound integration of Carl Jung’s psychological theories and yogic philosophy in understanding the self. This blog delves into the roles of the ego, Atman, and Brahman, providing insights into achieving wholeness and enlightenment. Learn practical self-inquiry exercises to harmonize conscious and unconscious mind, fostering unity and spiritual growth. Discover how Jung’s concepts align with ancient yogic teachings, guiding you toward a deeper connection with universal consciousness.