Post 10: Stages of Meditative Absorption: Patanjali’s Sutras 1.17 and 1.18

In the previous post, we explored the power of detachment and how cultivating non-distraction allows us to rest in the awareness of the Seer. Now, Patanjali takes us deeper into the process of meditation by introducing the stages of meditative absorption, where the mind gradually becomes still and clear. In Sutras 1.17 and 1.18, Patanjali outlines the progressive levels of absorption (samadhi) that arise as the mind moves from engagement with mental events to pure awareness.

1.17: The first stage of meditative absorption is characterized by reflection, contemplation, bliss, and a sense of individuality.
1.18: The higher stage of meditative absorption is characterized by the cessation of mental events, revealing a state of pure awareness.

The Four Layers of Absorption

Sutra 1.17 describes the initial stages of meditative absorption, where the mind moves through four layers of experience: reflection (vitarka), contemplation (vicara), bliss (ananda), and a subtle sense of individuality (asmita). These layers are not linear but overlapping, offering different aspects of deepening concentration and stillness.

   •   Reflection: At this level, the mind still engages with objects of focus, such as the breath or a mantra, but there is an increasing sense of calm and centeredness. The fluctuations of the mind are present, but they are observed without being disruptive.
   •   Contemplation: As the mind settles further, reflection deepens into contemplation. Here, there is less attachment to external objects and more focus on the inner experience. The mind becomes absorbed in its own stillness.
   •   Bliss: The third layer is characterized by a sense of bliss or joy that arises as the mind releases its habitual attachments. This bliss is not emotional but an inner feeling of contentment and peace.
   •   Sense of Individuality: Even at this stage, there remains a subtle awareness of oneself as an individual, the witness of the experience. This is a more refined level of the ego, still present but not as dominant as in ordinary states of awareness.

These four layers of absorption allow the mind to rest in deeper levels of concentration, but they are still within the realm of mental events. At this stage, the practitioner is aware of the experience but has not yet transcended the subtle identification with the mind.

Moving Toward Pure Awareness

In Sutra 1.18, Patanjali introduces a higher stage of meditative absorption, one that is free from the pull of mental events. Here, the fluctuations of the mind have ceased, and what remains is pure awareness—often described as nirvikalpa samadhi. In this state, there is no longer any identification with thoughts, emotions, or even a subtle sense of self. The Seer abides in its pure, natural state.

This level of absorption is not easily attained. It is the culmination of disciplined practice, non-attachment, and sustained meditation. It requires the mind to become so still that it no longer engages with even the subtlest of mental events. In this state, there is no longer a division between the Seer and what is seen; there is only pure awareness.

This experience of pure awareness is often described as the goal of yoga. It is the state where the practitioner experiences freedom from the mind’s fluctuations and rests in the infinite stillness of the pristine mind.

Bringing It Into Practice: Deepening Your Meditation

As we practice, we can begin to notice these layers of absorption in our own meditation. At the beginning of meditation, the mind may still be engaged in reflection or contemplation. By gently repeating “Neti, neti. I am the witness. I am the Seer,” we allow the mind to gradually release its attachment to these mental events and move into deeper stillness.

Over time, as the mind settles, we may experience moments of bliss or peace. These are natural signs that the mind is letting go of its habitual distractions. However, even in these moments, it’s important to remember that the goal is not to cling to these experiences but to continue moving toward deeper levels of absorption.

The practice of cultivating pure awareness—free from the mind’s fluctuations—requires patience and persistence. Each time we return to the stillness of the Seer, we strengthen our ability to remain in that state for longer periods, eventually moving beyond the subtle sense of individuality and into the state of pure awareness.

The Path to Pure Awareness

The stages of meditative absorption are a gradual process, unfolding through disciplined practice and consistent effort. While the initial layers of reflection, contemplation, and bliss are important steps along the path, they are not the final goal. The ultimate aim is to experience the state of pure awareness, where the mind’s fluctuations cease, and the Seer abides in its true nature.

As we progress on this path, it’s essential to remain patient and compassionate with ourselves. The journey toward pure awareness is not linear, and there will be times when the mind is more active or distracted. The key is to maintain a steady practice, trusting that each moment of mindfulness brings us closer to the stillness of the pristine mind.

Coming Up Next:

In our next post, we will take a moment to pause and reflect on the journey through the Yoga Sutras so far. This will be an opportunity to contemplate how the teachings have shaped your practice and explore a guided meditation for deeper integration. After this reflective pause, we will continue the series with the next set of sutras, diving deeper into the path of self-realization.

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